Un western al secondo grado: la forma parodica in Django Unchained
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13136/2281-4582/2013.i2.617Keywords:
Django Unchained, Quentin Tarantino, parodyAbstract
Sostenuto da un’imponente campagna pubblicitaria e mediatica, forte di un cast di attori di primissimo livello e presentandosi innanzitutto col marchio di fabbrica ‘film di Tarantino’, Django Unchained (2012) ha rappresentato anche un ritorno fortunato del genere western nelle nostre sale cinematografiche, primeggiando in termini di incassi (sia in patria che all’estero) e ottenendo anche importanti riconoscimenti (i due premi Oscar a Christoph Waltz come miglior attore non protagonista e a Tarantino per la sceneggiatura originale). Il film era peraltro atteso da lungo tempo; Tarantino parlava del progetto già nel 2007, pregustando in quello stesso anno la sua immersione nel genere con la partecipazione, in veste di attore (nei panni del pistolero Piringo), in Sukiyaki Western Django, omaggio allo spaghetti western diretto dal giapponese Takashi Miike.References
Addio vecchio West (Rustler's Rhapsody). Hugh Wilson. 1985.
Appaloosa. Ed Harris. 2008.
Barnabè, Luca. “Mirare alle spalle.” Duellanti 80 (2013): 26-27.
Blueberry. Jan Kounen. 2005.
Boss Nigger. Jack Arnold. 1975.
Caldwell, Thomas. “Film Review – Django Unchained (2012).” Cinema Autopsy Blog. Visitato il 29/8/2013.
Cat Ballou. Elliot Silverstein. 1965.
Cawelti, John G. “Chinatown and Generic Transformation in Recent American Films.” Film Genre Reader III. A cura di Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P, 2003. 243-261.
Cawelti, John G. Mystery, Violence and Popular Culture: Essays. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 2004.
Cowboys & Aliens. Jon Favreau. 2011.
Django. Sergio Corbucci. 1966.
Gehring, Wes D. Parody as Film Genre: “Never Give a Saga an Even Break.” Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood P, 1999.
Genette, Gérard. Palinsesti. La letteratura al secondo grado. Torino: Einaudi, 1997.
Harries, Dan. Film Parody. London: British Film Institute, 2000.
Harris, Aisha. “Was There Really ‘Mandingo Fighting’, Like in Django Unchained?” Slate Magazine. Visitato il 24/9/2013.
Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Parody: The Teachings of Twentieth-Century Art Forms. Urbana and Chicago: U of Illinois P, 2000.
Il cavaliere della valle solitaria (Shane). George Stevens. 1953.
Il grande silenzio. Sergio Corbucci. 1967.
Il Grinta (True Grit). Joel ed Ethan Coen. 2010.
Io e la vacca (Go West). Buster Keaton. 1925.
L’assassinio di Jesse James per mano del codardo Robert Ford (The Assassination of Jesse James By the Coward Robert Ford). Andrew Dominik. 2007.
Levine, Matt e Jeremy Meckler. “Smash Cuts: Django Unchained.” Walker Art Center Film/Video Blogs. Visitato il 1/9/2013.
La banda degli angeli (Band of Angels). Raoul Walsh. 1957.
Le colt cantarono la morte…e fu tempo di massacro. Lucio Fulci. 1972.
Lo chiamavano Trinità. Enzo Barboni (E.B. Clucher). 1970.
Lusted, David. The Western. London: Routledge, 2003.
Moccagatta, Rocco. “A Django si spara per primo?” Duellanti 80 (2013): 28-30.
Mandingo. Richard Fleischer. 1975.
Mezzogiorno e mezzo di fuoco (Blazing Saddles). Mel Brooks. 1974.
Morris, Wesley. “Tarantino Blows Up the Spaghetti Western in ‘Django Unchained’.” The Boston Globe. Visitato il 29/8/2013.
Nascita di una nazione (The Birth of a Nation). David Wark Griffith. 1915.
Occhio alla penna. Michele Lupo. 1981.
Quel treno per Yuma (3:10 to Yuma). James Mangold. 2007.
Rancho Notorious. Fritz Lang. 1952.
Reed, Adolph Jr. “Django Unchained, or, The Help: How ‘Cultural Politics’ Is Worse than No Politics at All, and Why.” Nonsite.org 9 (2013). Visitato il 1/9/2013.
Rutkowski, John. “Staring Down the Barrel: Portrayals of Black Heroes in the Westerns of the 1970s and Today.” Tesi di laurea. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2013. Camden Graduate School Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Visitato il 1/9/2013.
Scusi, dov’è il West? (The Frisco Kid). Robert Aldrich. 1979.
Sfida a White Buffalo (The White Buffalo). Jack Lee Thompson. 1977.
Stam, Robert. Film Theory: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell, 2000.
Sukiyaki Western Django. Takashi Miike. 2007.
Tepepa. Giulio Petroni. 1969.
The Legend of Nigger Charley. Martin Goldman. 1972.
The Lone Ranger. Gore Verbinski. 2013.
The Soul of Nigger Charley. Larry Spangler. 1973.
Turner, Matthew R. “Cowboys and Comedy: The Simultaneous Deconstruction and Reinforcement of Generic Conventions in the Western Parody.” Hollywood’s West: The American Frontier in Film, Television and History. A cura di John E. O’Connor e Peter Rollins. Lexington: The UP of Kentucky, 2005. 218-235.
Vamos a matar, compañeros. Sergio Corbucci. 1970.
Via col vento (Gone With the Wind). Victor Fleming. 1939.
Viso pallido (Paleface). Norman Z. McLeod. 1948.
Appaloosa. Ed Harris. 2008.
Barnabè, Luca. “Mirare alle spalle.” Duellanti 80 (2013): 26-27.
Blueberry. Jan Kounen. 2005.
Boss Nigger. Jack Arnold. 1975.
Caldwell, Thomas. “Film Review – Django Unchained (2012).” Cinema Autopsy Blog. Visitato il 29/8/2013.
Cat Ballou. Elliot Silverstein. 1965.
Cawelti, John G. “Chinatown and Generic Transformation in Recent American Films.” Film Genre Reader III. A cura di Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P, 2003. 243-261.
Cawelti, John G. Mystery, Violence and Popular Culture: Essays. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 2004.
Cowboys & Aliens. Jon Favreau. 2011.
Django. Sergio Corbucci. 1966.
Gehring, Wes D. Parody as Film Genre: “Never Give a Saga an Even Break.” Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood P, 1999.
Genette, Gérard. Palinsesti. La letteratura al secondo grado. Torino: Einaudi, 1997.
Harries, Dan. Film Parody. London: British Film Institute, 2000.
Harris, Aisha. “Was There Really ‘Mandingo Fighting’, Like in Django Unchained?” Slate Magazine. Visitato il 24/9/2013.
Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Parody: The Teachings of Twentieth-Century Art Forms. Urbana and Chicago: U of Illinois P, 2000.
Il cavaliere della valle solitaria (Shane). George Stevens. 1953.
Il grande silenzio. Sergio Corbucci. 1967.
Il Grinta (True Grit). Joel ed Ethan Coen. 2010.
Io e la vacca (Go West). Buster Keaton. 1925.
L’assassinio di Jesse James per mano del codardo Robert Ford (The Assassination of Jesse James By the Coward Robert Ford). Andrew Dominik. 2007.
Levine, Matt e Jeremy Meckler. “Smash Cuts: Django Unchained.” Walker Art Center Film/Video Blogs. Visitato il 1/9/2013.
La banda degli angeli (Band of Angels). Raoul Walsh. 1957.
Le colt cantarono la morte…e fu tempo di massacro. Lucio Fulci. 1972.
Lo chiamavano Trinità. Enzo Barboni (E.B. Clucher). 1970.
Lusted, David. The Western. London: Routledge, 2003.
Moccagatta, Rocco. “A Django si spara per primo?” Duellanti 80 (2013): 28-30.
Mandingo. Richard Fleischer. 1975.
Mezzogiorno e mezzo di fuoco (Blazing Saddles). Mel Brooks. 1974.
Morris, Wesley. “Tarantino Blows Up the Spaghetti Western in ‘Django Unchained’.” The Boston Globe. Visitato il 29/8/2013.
Nascita di una nazione (The Birth of a Nation). David Wark Griffith. 1915.
Occhio alla penna. Michele Lupo. 1981.
Quel treno per Yuma (3:10 to Yuma). James Mangold. 2007.
Rancho Notorious. Fritz Lang. 1952.
Reed, Adolph Jr. “Django Unchained, or, The Help: How ‘Cultural Politics’ Is Worse than No Politics at All, and Why.” Nonsite.org 9 (2013). Visitato il 1/9/2013.
Rutkowski, John. “Staring Down the Barrel: Portrayals of Black Heroes in the Westerns of the 1970s and Today.” Tesi di laurea. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2013. Camden Graduate School Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Visitato il 1/9/2013.
Scusi, dov’è il West? (The Frisco Kid). Robert Aldrich. 1979.
Sfida a White Buffalo (The White Buffalo). Jack Lee Thompson. 1977.
Stam, Robert. Film Theory: An Introduction. Malden: Blackwell, 2000.
Sukiyaki Western Django. Takashi Miike. 2007.
Tepepa. Giulio Petroni. 1969.
The Legend of Nigger Charley. Martin Goldman. 1972.
The Lone Ranger. Gore Verbinski. 2013.
The Soul of Nigger Charley. Larry Spangler. 1973.
Turner, Matthew R. “Cowboys and Comedy: The Simultaneous Deconstruction and Reinforcement of Generic Conventions in the Western Parody.” Hollywood’s West: The American Frontier in Film, Television and History. A cura di John E. O’Connor e Peter Rollins. Lexington: The UP of Kentucky, 2005. 218-235.
Vamos a matar, compañeros. Sergio Corbucci. 1970.
Via col vento (Gone With the Wind). Victor Fleming. 1939.
Viso pallido (Paleface). Norman Z. McLeod. 1948.
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2013-12-01
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